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二模轧钢自救指南
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一、原因状语从句（表示原因）
| 初级表达 |
高级表达 |
示例 |
| because |
since |
Since it was raining, we stayed at home. |
| because |
as |
As he was tired, he went to bed early. |
| because of + n. |
due to / owing to + n. |
The game was canceled due to the heavy snow. |
二、结果状语从句（表示结果）
| 初级表达 |
高级表达 |
示例 |
| so |
therefore |
He didn’t sleep well. Therefore, he was tired. |
| so |
as a result |
She missed the bus. As a result, she was late. |
| so…that |
such…that |
It was such a hot day that we couldn’t go outside. |
三、目的状语从句（表示目的）
| 初级表达 |
高级表达 |
示例 |
| so that |
in order that |
She studies hard in order that she can enter a good school. |
| so that |
so as to + V. |
He practices every day so as to improve his English. |
四、让步状语从句（表示让步）
| 初级表达 |
高级表达 |
示例 |
| although |
even though |
Even though he is young, he is very clever. |
| although |
though |
He failed, though he tried his best. |
| although |
while |
While he is rich, he is not happy. |
五、条件状语从句（表示条件）
| 初级表达 |
高级表达 |
示例 |
| if |
unless |
You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard. |
| if |
provided that / as long as |
You can join us as long as you are on time. |
六、强调句（It is/was…that…）
结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
示例：
- It was Tom that broke the window.（强调“Tom”）
- It is because he studied hard that he succeeded.（强调原因）
- It is at school that we met.（强调地点）
- It was yesterday that she saw the doctor.（强调时间）
注意：不能强调动词，不能用 who/which 代替 that
七、倒装句（Inversion）
否定副词放句首倒装：
- Never have I seen such a view.
- Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.
- Not only does he play the piano, but also sings.
Only 引导倒装：
- Only if you work hard can you succeed.
- Only by practicing can we improve.
So/Such 引导倒装：
- So tired was she that she couldn’t speak.
- Such was his anger that he left.
八、定语从句（Relative Clauses）
| 关系词 |
用法 |
示例 |
| who |
指人主语 |
The boy who helps me is my friend. |
| whom |
指人宾语 |
The teacher whom I met is kind. |
| which |
指物主/宾 |
The book which is on the table is mine. |
| that |
指人或物 |
The movie that we watched was interesting. |
| whose |
所属 |
The girl whose bike was stolen is crying. |
| where |
地点 |
This is the place where we met. |
| when |
时间 |
I remember the day when we met. |
九、同位语从句（Appositive Clause）
结构：名词 + that 从句
- I heard the news that she had won the prize.
- He had the idea that we should leave early.
十、主语从句与宾语从句
主语从句常用形式主语：
- It is clear that he is wrong.
- It seems that it will rain.
宾语从句：
| 引导词 |
用法 |
| that |
可省略 |
| whether / if |
“是否”，不能省略 |
| what / how / why |
疑问词引导 |
十一、承接词替换与结构性表达
顺序表达替换：
| 普通表达 |
高级表达 |
| Firstly |
To begin with / In the first place |
| Secondly |
What’s more / Moreover / In addition |
| Thirdly |
Besides / Furthermore |
| Finally |
Eventually / In the end / To conclude |
举例类：
- For example / For instance / Take…as an example
转折类：
- However / Nevertheless / On the contrary / Yet
递进类：
- What’s more / In addition / Not only that
总结类：
- In conclusion / To sum up / All in all / In a word
十二、表达观点句式
| 功能 |
表达句型 |
| 个人观点 |
In my opinion / From my perspective / Personally speaking |
| 大众观点 |
It is widely believed that… / Many people think that… |
| 强烈主张 |
I firmly believe that… / There is no doubt that… |
| 引出理由 |
The reason why…is that… / One of the most important reasons is that… |
十三、倡议/建议类表达
- Let’s take action from now on.
- It’s time that we did something.
- We should raise awareness of…
- Why not… / How about…
- Everyone is supposed to…
- Only in this way can we…
- Together, we can make a difference.
十四、写作万能模板句
- There is no denying that…
- Not only…but also…
- Only when…can we…
- So…that… / Such…that…
- As is known to all, …
- With the development of…
- It is necessary that we should…
- It is our duty to…
- It seems that… / It is believed that…
